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CIPS Commercial Contracting 認定 L4M3 試験問題 (Q71-Q76):

質問 # 71
Which of the following will be included in a conformance specification?
1. Brand names
2. Description of the operating environments
3. Chemical formulae
4. Required safety level

  • A. 2 and 3 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 1 and 4 only
  • D. 1 and 3 only

正解：A

解説：
According to CIPS, there are two main types of specification:
- Conformance specification - is more output driven as it outlines the product details exactly which may include the material, dimensions, tolerances, source, ingredients, packaging, storage of the part or material.
- Performance specification - is more output driven in terms of what the part or material must achieve.
Among the four options, only 2. 'Description of the operating environments' and 3. 'Chemical formulae' are possible components of a conformance specification. Brand names can be a part of a performance specification, according to a document published by CIPS and NIGP.
L4M3-99e85cb9f24d238bf664a651a99651c6.jpg
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 8-10
- Knowledge Byte - Specification Development
- Principles and Practices of Public Procurement: Specifications
LO 1, AC 1.1


質問 # 72
Under hire purchase agreement, when will the ownership of asset legally belong to the purchaser?

  • A. When the down payment is made
  • B. When the final instalment is paid
  • C. When the purchaser takes possession of the asset
  • D. When the agreement is signed

正解：B

解説：
Hire purchase is an arrangement for buying expensive consumer goods, where the buyer makes an initial down payment and pays the balance plus interest in installments. Ownership is not transferred until the end of the agreement, hire purchase plans offer more protection to the vendor than other sales or leasing methods for unsecured items. That's because the items can be repossessed more easily should the buyer be unable to keep up with the repayments.
The answer is 'When the final instalment is paid'.
Reference:
- Hire Purchase Agreements
- CIPS study guide page 70
LO 1, AC 1.3


質問 # 73
When a contract has been agreed on the basis of a fraudulent misrepresentation, which of the following remedies are available?

  • A. Rescission only
  • B. Damages only
  • C. Both damages and rescission
  • D. An injunction only

正解：D

解説：
An untrue statement of fact or law made by Party A (or its agent) to Party B, which induces Party B to enter a contract with Party A thereby causing Party B loss. An action for misrepresentation can be brought in respect of a misrepresentation of fact or law.
There are three types of misrepresentation:
- Fraudulent misrepresentation: where a false representation has been made knowingly, or without belief in its truth, or recklessly as to its truth.
- Negligent misrepresentation: a representation made carelessly and in breach of duty owed by Party A to Party B to take reasonable care that the representation is accurate. If no "special relationship" exists, there may be a misrepresentation under section 2(1) of the Misrepresentation Act 1967 where a statement is made carelessly or without reasonable grounds for believing its truth.
- Innocent misrepresentation: a representation that is neither fraudulent nor negligent.
The remedies for misrepresentation are rescission and/or damages. For fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation, the claimant may claim rescission and damages. For innocent misrepresentation, the court has a discretion to award damages in lieu of rescission; the court cannot award both (see section 2(2) of the Misrepresentation Act 1967). For more information, see Practice note, Misrepresentation.
Reference:
- Misrepresentation
- CIPS study guide page 55
LO 1, AC 1.2


質問 # 74
Which of the following is the set of principles that enables courts to determine exactly what the written contract says and what that must mean, then the court will uphold that?

  • A. Rules of interpretation
  • B. Order of precedence
  • C. Unfair Contract Act 1977
  • D. Rules of contract formation

正解：A

解説：
Courts may be called upon to interpret a statute due to disputes over the meaning of a word or phrase contained within a statute. These disputes may arise through a variety of reasons. It has long been held that words are an imperfect means of communication. Omissions may have occurred at the drafting stage, word or phraseology ambiguity, etymological change through time, oversight on specific points, or a failure to adapt legislation to new developments. This may result in the judiciary providing a role in statutory interpretation. Statutory interpretation in its broadest sense is the process of determining the true meaning of a written document. In UK, the Interpretation Act 1978 provides limited scope to assist judges with statutory interpretation in that it only provides standard definitions to common provisions such as a rebuttable presumption that terminology in the masculine gender also include the feminine, and that the singular includes plural.
An order of precedence clause sets out the order in which the contract documents take precedence in the event of an inconsistency.
The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (c 50) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulates contracts by restricting the operation and legality of some contract terms. It extends to nearly all forms of contract and one of its most important functions is limiting the applicability of disclaimers of liability. The terms extend to both actual contract terms and notices that are seen to constitute a contractual obligation.
Reference:
- Rules of Statutory Interpretation
- CIPS study guide page 43-46
LO 1, AC 1.2


質問 # 75
Under which of the following scenarios an RFQ is most likely to be used?

  • A. Design of a unique and complex software code
  • B. When the buying organisation does not know the requirements in details and needs the input from suppliers
  • C. Purchase of a small number of standardised products under a framework agreement
  • D. Purchase of complex machinery

正解：C

解説：
The request for quotations is a procurement method that is used for small value procurements of readily available off-the-shelf goods, small value construction works, or small value services procurements. Request for quotations works best under a framework agreement This procurement method is also known as invitation to quote and shopping, and it does not require the preparation of tender documents to the same extent as open tendering, request for proposals or two-stage tendering.
Among 4 options:
- "Purchase of a small number of standardised products under a framework agreement": the products are standardised and there is a framework agreement in place, so RFQ is the best solution.
- "Purchase of complex machinery": Complex machinery is often a large purchase. Furthermore, suppliers' quality may vary. So RFQ is not suitable, instead, depending on the situation, buyer may opt ITT or RFP to purchase this type of machinery.
- "Design of a unique and complex software code": Unique and complex software is not off-the-shelf, thus RFQ is not suitable.
- "When the buying organisation does not know the requirements in details and needs the input from suppliers": When the detailed requirements are unknown, the best solution is request for proposal or developing dialogue with suppliers.
Reference:
- Request for Quotations
- CIPS study guide page 3-4
LO 1, AC 1.1


質問 # 76
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