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The EC-COUNCIL 212-81 (Certified Encryption Specialist) Certification Exam is a vendor-neutral certification program, which means that it is not tied to any specific encryption technology or product. The certification exam is recognized globally and serves as a benchmark for employers to assess the skills and expertise of their employees. The certification also provides individuals with a competitive advantage in the job market, as it is highly regarded by employers and industry professionals.

EC-COUNCIL Certified Encryption Specialist Sample Questions (Q154-Q159):

NEW QUESTION # 154
Which of the following is a type of encryption that has two different keys. One key can encrypt the message and the other key can only decrypt it?

  • A. Asymmetric
  • B. Symmetric
  • C. Block cipher
  • D. Stream cipher

Answer: A

Explanation:
Asymmetric
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys, which may be disseminated widely, and private keys, which are known only to the owner. The generation of such keys depends on cryptographic algorithms based on mathematical problems to produce one-way functions. Effective security only requires keeping the private key private; the public key can be openly distributed without compromising security.
Incorrect answers:
Symmetric - Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both encryption of plaintext and decryption of ciphertext.
Block cipher - A block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. It uses an unvarying transformation, that is, it uses a symmetric key.
Stream cipher - A stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher, each plaintext digit is encrypted one at a time with the corresponding digit of the keystream, to give a digit of the ciphertext stream.


NEW QUESTION # 155
Which of the following is a key exchange protocol?

  • A. RSA
  • B. DES
  • C. AES
  • D. MQV

Answer: D

Explanation:
MQV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQV
MQV (Menezes-Qu-Vanstone) is an authenticated protocol for key agreement based on the Diffie-Hellman scheme. Like other authenticated Diffie-Hellman schemes, MQV provides protection against an active attacker. The protocol can be modified to work in an arbitrary finite group, and, in particular, elliptic curve groups, where it is known as elliptic curve MQV (ECMQV).
Incorrect answers:
RSA - (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is a public-key cryptosystem that is widely used for secure data transmission. It is also one of the oldest. The acronym RSA comes from the surnames of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, who publicly described the algorithm in 1977.
AES - Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
DES - Data Encryption Standard is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data.


NEW QUESTION # 156
What must occur in order for a cipher to be considered 'broken'?

  • A. Uncovering the algorithm used
  • B. Rendering the cipher no longer useable
  • C. Finding any method that is more efficient than brute force
  • D. Decoding the key

Answer: C

Explanation:
Finding any method that is more efficient than brute force
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis
Bruce Schneier notes that even computationally impractical attacks can be considered breaks: "Breaking a cipher simply means finding a weakness in the cipher that can be exploited with a complexity less than brute force."


NEW QUESTION # 157
Encryption of the same plain text with the same key results in the same cipher text. Use of an IV that is XORed with the first block of plain text solves this problem.

  • A. GOST
  • B. RC4
  • C. CFB
  • D. ECB

Answer: D

Explanation:
ECB
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
The simplest of the encryption modes is the electronic codebook (ECB) mode (named after conventional physical codebooks). The message is divided into blocks, and each block is encrypted separately.
The disadvantage of this method is a lack of diffusion. Because ECB encrypts identical plaintext blocks into identical ciphertext blocks, it does not hide data patterns well. ECB is not recommended for use in cryptographic protocols.
ECB mode can also make protocols without integrity protection even more susceptible to replay attacks, since each block gets decrypted in exactly the same way.
Incorrect answers:
RC4 - stream symmetric cipher that was created by Ron Rivest of RSA. Used in SSL and WEP.
GOST - the GOST block cipher (Magma), defined in the standard GOST 28147-89 (RFC 5830), is a Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 64 bits. The original standard, published in 1989, did not give the cipher any name, but the most recent revision of the standard, GOST R 34.12-2015, specifies that it may be referred to as Magma. The GOST hash function is based on this cipher. The new standard also specifies a new 128-bit block cipher called Kuznyechik.
CFB - the process wherein the ciphertext block is encrypted then the ciphertext produced is XOR'd back with the plaintext to produce the current ciphertext block.


NEW QUESTION # 158
What is a "Collision attack" in cryptography?

  • A. Collision attacks try to get the public key
  • B. Collision attacks try to break the hash into two parts, with the same bytes in each part to get the private key
  • C. Collision attacks try to find two inputs producing the same
  • D. Collision attacks try to break the hash into three parts to get the plaintext value

Answer: C

Explanation:
Collision attacks try to find two inputs producing the same
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_attack
A collision attack on a cryptographic hash tries to find two inputs producing the same hash value, i.e. a hash collision. This is in contrast to a preimage attack where a specific target hash value is specified.


NEW QUESTION # 159
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